Mers el-Kébir 1940: Operation Catapult

96 pages

RAdm R G Melly

This short, softback book is the latest in the series by Ryan K. Noppen from the Osprey Publishing stable, with other titles address some of the more significant campaigns and actions from WWII. In addition to his wider research activities, the author has worked as a naval and aviation subject matter expert on projects for the US Navy and taught college courses in military history.

In setting out the origins of Operation CATAPULT (the British assault on the French fleet at Mers el-Kébir), the author outlines how an initially close relationship between the two allies deteriorated as the terms of the armistice were agreed between the French and the victorious Germans.  Churchill, in particular, harboured fears that the formidable French fleet might fall into the hands of the Germans.

Diplomatic efforts at securing the French fleet were frustrated by distrust and resentment between the allies, not least as a result of pre-war naval treaties which the French perceived to be demeaning to their cause. Nevertheless, whilst the two opposing admirals were unwilling participants in the subsequent action, they did what they believed to be their duty. The author then describes, in some detail, the various actions of Force H, operating out of Gibraltar, and the French responses. As the tragedy unfolded (1,248 French sailors died), the reservations, reactions and anger of the key players involved are all ably set out.

The aftermath is viewed from the perspectives of the British, the French, the Axis powers – and hindsight. In failing to deliver the intended coup de grace to the French navy, Churchill failed in his principal aim; nevertheless the ruthlessness and resolve of the British in prosecuting their aims at this early juncture in the war were not lost on the Americans.

This is a well-researched analysis of the action at Mers el-Kébir, full of fascinating detail and insights into the complex negotiations which culminated in the British action. In as much as, in the far greater tapestry of WWII, this is a little known episode for contemporary British matelots, this close examination of what occurred in July 1940 shines light on why it is still a matter of great resentment for those now serving in the Marine Nationale. This is an excellent read and is much recommended.